While the individuals who worked in manufacturing positions frequently worked and lived in extremely poor conditions, the owners of the mills became rich quickly, bringing a striking influx of economic growth suddenly to cities. Overpopulation in very small spatial areas became a serious issue. Given that economic fluctuations have such profound effects on urban development, it makes sense that issues associated with the modern iteration of urban decline began during the Industrial Revolution, the time period in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century when rural people flocked to cities for employment in manufacturing. Economic decline tends to lead to urban decline. These economic successes can either evolve and sustain themselves, or contract. Cities tend to grow because of momentary economic booms. In some ways, urban decline is an inevitable result of urbanity itself. They have since been demolished and the land is being redeveloped under a policy of New Urbanism. Louis were built under a policy of urban renewal intended to provide affordable housing, but soon turned into a site of urban blight. Historic Causes Pruitt-Igoe Housing Development Decay: The Pruitt-Igoe housing projects in St. Such desolate properties are socially dangerous to the community because they attract criminals and gangs, increasing the volume of crime. Another characteristic of urban decay is blight, the visual, psychological, and physical effects of living daily life among empty lots, abandoned buildings, and condemned houses. This process is frequently called white flight, in reference to the fact that the central urban areas usually remain inhabited by minority populations when white populations leave. In contrast, in North American and British cities, the impoverished areas begin to develop in the city center as individuals relocate their residences to suburban areas outside of the city. In many countries outside of the West, urban decline manifests as peripheral slums at the outskirts of cities. Since the 1970s and 1980s, urban decline has been associated with Western cities having experienced institutional restructuring. Features of urban decline include deindustrialization, depopulation, economic restructuring, abandoned buildings, high unemployment, fragmented families, political disenfranchisement, crime, and a desolate landscape. Urban decline is the process whereby a previously functioning city or neighborhood falls into disrepair and decrepitude.
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